Volume (2): Issue (2)

The aim of this article is to make a comparative study of the history of European ports during the last two centuries showing their complexity and specific characteristics. Whereas during the process of waterfront development, local governments emphasize the relationship of ports with sailing ships as a marketing instrument, the industrial history of those ports are mostly neglected. This article focuses on the industrial port, showing differences in the chronology of construction and in their urban impact. Hinterland and inland transportation were responsible for a part of those differences, as well as geographical and political circumstances. However, social aspects as well as technological issues showed comparable evolutions. The decline of the industrial port city is a part of the general process of de-industrialization of Europe, but it has its own specific features. At least it is clear that the development of port cities during the last two centuries is far more complex than some stage theories about port development assume.

The Portuguese Integralist movement, Integralismo Lusitano, has often been described as little more than a derivative copy of its French peer, Action Française. This paper seeks to examine three important elements of both movements’ ideology – their nationalism, their support for monarchism and their promotion of corporatism – in an attempt to determine whether these claims are valid. By comparing the writings and actions of both movements’ leaderships, it is possible to conclude that the similarities between these movements were, for the most part, more apparent than real.

Sociologia do casamento: a família e a questão feminina, Anália Cardoso Torres Oeiras: Celta, 2001, 145 pp.